Plant improvement contributes billions a year to the Spanish economy, according to a study

Obtaining seeds and plant improvement contributed to the Spanish economy a gross added value (GVA) of close to one billion euros in 2019 alone, according to the first study on the social, economic and environmental contributions of this sector, carried out by the Cerdá Institute.

En su presentación este miércoles, el director general de la Asociación Nacional de Obtentores Vegetales (Anove), Antonio Villaroel, ha afirmado que «la mejora vegetal es una parte fundamental de la solución para la alimentación humana» y ha asegurado que aún «hay margen» para seguir mejorando su aportación a la agricultura.

En este sentido, ha reivindicado que la Unión Europea (UE) dé un paso más para poder aplicar las herramientas de edición genómica en la obtención vegetal, que desde su punto de vista tienen «una potencialidad enorme, son más precisas y es una tecnología más segura» para la obtención de nuevas variedades de semillas.

El presidente de Anove, Julián Arnedo, ha puesto como ejemplo que la investigación para la obtención de nuevas semillas por el método convencional dura unos seis años, y con la edición genómica, «que ya se ha utilizado en el desarrollo de vacunas contra la covid y que muchas veces son idénticas a las que se producen en la naturaleza», «se acortaría a uno».

«La obtención de semillas es imprescindible para la agricultura moderna» y para afrontar sus retos, entre los que ha mencionado «el cambio climático o el crecimiento de la población», «que van someter los recursos a unas tensiones sin precedentes en la historia de la humanidad».

Arnedo has also highlighted from the study the 50% increase in world agricultural productivity in the second half of the last century thanks to plant improvement.

El informe «Aportación social, económica y ambiental del sector obtentor» que, según el director de Área de Prospectiva del Instituto Cerdá, Miguel Hernández, «muestra, por prudencia, los resultados más conservadores», destaca el «elevado impacto» de este sector a lo largo de la cadena agroalimentaria.

Its conclusions include that companies and public centers dedicated to plant breeding contributed to the Spanish economy between 1990 and 2017 with the generation of a total GVA of 16.697 million euros and the creation of 428.000 direct, indirect and induced jobs. in that period.

The document highlights that last year companies in the sector invested 20% of their turnover in research, development and innovation (R + D + i) and that their results are essential to produce in a sustainable way and to achieve the objectives of the Green Pact European.

To evaluate the environmental, social and economic impact of the business of obtaining improved seeds, it focuses on tomato, common wheat, corn and blueberries.

Regarding the tomato, it confirms that the plant improvement resulted in a saving of 375.000 tons of fertilizers and 1,71 million kilos of phytosanitary products between 2011 and 2016, and 427 million cubic meters of water in the period 1990/2017; In Spain, the yield per hectare has increased from 25 to 85 tons between 1970 and 2018.

In cereals, the improvement in seeds has allowed the national production of common wheat to grow by 11,5% (17,7 million tons between 1990 and 2018) and that of corn, by 10,5% (400.000 tons more in that period). same period).

In the case of the cultivation of blueberries, the Cerdá Institute has also verified the increase in production, which totaled 160.000 tons between 1995 and 2018; improvements in plant breeding for this red fruit have led to an annual contribution of 10.802 tons, according to Anove.

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